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Fluid in the ear

Fluid in the ear happens when there is an issue with the ear’s drainage tubes that leads to an accumulation of fluid becoming trapped behind the eardrum. This can happen for a number of reasons and is also a symptom of other ear conditions.

What causes fluid in the ear

Our ears contain small tubes, called Eustachian tubes, that connect the ears to the back of the throat. Part of their role is to remove any fluid that accumulates in the middle ear. Fluid in the ear is caused when there is something that prevents the tubes from draining properly, which can include:

  • Colds or any congestion

  • Sinus or throat infections

  • Allergies

  • Ear barotrauma

  • A growth that blocks the Eustachian tubes

Anyone can get fluid in their ears, but children are more likely to experience it as they have much narrower Eustachian tubes.

Diagnosing fluid in the ear

Your GP will check for signs of fluid in the ear by using a tool called an otoscope, which magnifies and lights up the ear to allow a clearer view inside.

They’ll be looking for things like air bubbles on the eardrum, visible fluid behind the eardrum, how taut or slack the eardrum looks, as well as the general appearance inside the ear.

Your GP may also do an exam called tympanometry which tests if the eardrum can move. They’ll know if there is fluid present behind the eardrum when it doesn’t move.

Conditions associated with fluid in the ear

  • Glue ear
    This condition is caused by a build‑up of fluid in the middle ear which causes temporary hearing loss, earache, tinnitus and sometimes a ‘popping’ feeling in the ears.
    Find out more

  • Ear infection
    A middle ear infection is caused by an excess of mucus that blocks he Eustachian tubes and stops the fluid from draining out. Bacteria and viruses then cause the fluid to become infected which leads to uncomfortable symptoms like ear pain, ear discharge, and fever.
    Find out more

  • Ruptured eardrum
    Your eardrum can tear when the fluid behind the eardrum builds up and causes very high pressure. Many people experience a discharge from the ear as the fluid build up can now drain out.
    Find out more

Treatment for fluid in the ear

Fluid in the ear will usually resolve on its own, without the need for any treatment. But you should see your GP if you have any uncomfortable symptoms, particularly if they last longer than a few weeks.

If the tube blockage is caused by inflammation or an infection, your GP may prescribe a course of antibiotics to reduce the swelling of the Eustachian tubes and encourage the fluid to drain away.

If there are still problems after a few months, it may be necessary to consider surgery. This would involve placing small tubes (called grommets) in the ear that allow the fluid to drain.

Preventing the build‑up of fluid in the ear

The best way to prevent fluid building up in the ear is to understand the situations and conditions that block the Eustachian tubes.

Obviously, it’s not always possible to prevent them from ever happening, but there are a few things you can do to avoid them, such as:

  • Resting up if you get a cold and taking decongestants if recommended

  • Taking antihistamines if you have allergies

  • Yawning, drinking water, chewing gum or sucking a sweet if you’re flying

  • Avoiding second‑hand smoke

FAQs

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